DNA Group 7
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International Lindsay DNA Group 7"Lindsays of the Isle of Jura, Scotland" The defining term "Lindsays of the Isle of Jura, Scotland" is used in an attempt to establish a basic geography for the composite DNA Group 7. Alan Lindsay Berry is the Group Administrator for DNA Group 7 and can be reached via e-mail by clicking on Alan Berry. Alan is a very knowledgeable researcher for this grouping of Lindsays/Lindseys and should be your first contact for questions pertaining to DNA Group 7 genealogy. The DNA Group 7 now has a total of sixteen (16) matching participants. Click on DNA Data Spreadsheet to see the DNA marker values for the current participants of DNA Group 7. If you have information, accompanied by the appropriate citations, that demonstrate how any one of these Lindsay/Lindsey lineages in DNA Group 7 are connected, please contact Alan Berry, Group Administrator, DNA Group 7. The Lindsays of Jura web page can be found by clicking on Jura Lindsays. ************************************************************** Reference Notes
End of Reference Notes
From this point forward, the content of the DNA Group 7 web page was generated by Alan Lindsay Berry, Group Administrator DNA Group 7, in conjunction with the members of DNA Group 7. Thus any questions regarding this content should be addressed via an e-mail to Alan Berry. Alan Berry and the DNA Group 7 are to be commended for the quality and amount of effort they have put forth in expanding their group of biological cousins and the merging of the various lineages within their Group 7 ********************************************* Name
Origin & Spelling Numerous
Gaelic surnames, in Scotland and in Ireland, were anglicised during a period
dating from the mid 1600s to late 1700s.
Church and secular records offer a wide range in spellings.
Rev. Charles Robertson, minister of the United Free Kirk at Jura and
Gaelic expert, donated his manuscripts and voice recordings of Jura Gaelic
speakers (1908-1914) to the University of Edinburgh.
Robertson spelled the Gaelic version of our surname as MacLaidhsidh, or
Laoighseach. In
“The Surnames of Ireland,” (Irish Academic Press, Dublin, 1985), Edward
MacLysaght states, “In Ulster, the name O’Loingsigh, which in some parts of
Ireland was Anglicized to Lynch, in Ulster became Linchey, and in turn
Lindsay.” According
to the Ireland Web-site, Blackrock, County Dublin, Ireland, and credited to
Robert R. Matheson’s “Report on the Surnames of Ireland,” 1890, the
surname Loinsigh or Loinseach is derived from the word loinseach meaning
mariner. Loinseach (Lin-sach) would be pronounced (Lin-say).
In Gaelic the insertion of the letter ‘h’ silences and/or softens the
sound of the adjacent consonant.
Written records document the Lindsays of Jura operating the cattle
ferries between Port Askaig, Islay and Feolin, Jura, as well as between Lagg,
Jura and Keill’s Landing, not far from Tayvallich at the Scottish Mainland.
Family tradition indicates that the Lindsays were also involved in trade
with Ireland. Many
of the subsequent generations of the Lindsays in Scotland, continued to work in
seafaring roles. The first documented use of an anglicised version of our surname at Jura was in 1754 with records listing the emigrants boarding the ship, “Mary,” bound for Cape Fear, North Carolina, with settlers promised land grants in the Argyll Colony. Donald McClondich is listed as Donald Linsie, and Neill McLondsoich is listed as Neill McLinsie. Two of the names on the emigrants list, have the Gaelic version crossed out, substituted with an Anglican version. Old Parish Church Records at nearby Islay has entries of Linsay in the early 1700s, and Lindsay in the late 1700s, for members of the same families, who are still using their traditional Gaelic name a short half mile away at Jura. Our ancestors’ records in Ireland, dating to the mid 1600s and early 1700s, record the surname as either Lindsay or Lindsey. Records for the Argyll colony in North Carolina, dating from the early to mid 1800s, offer Linsay and Lindsay, with Lindsay and Lindsey being used during the same time frame in Canada. As the most isolated location, with the least contact with the outside world, Jura was the last location to adopt the anglicised form of the surname. Lindsay did not appear in the records consistently until the late 1700s. The same was true for many of the other ancient Jura surnames. Group
7 DNA Study Participants
A
Note on Name Changes: During the 1600s
and 1700s, Gaelic to Anglican surname changes occurred in Ireland as well as at The Isle of Jura,
Scotland. Due to its isolation, Gaelic was spoken, and Gaelic surnames were used
at Jura, considerably later than surrounding areas. Church parish records at
Jura continued the use of Gaelic names, at the same period that secular and
emigration records began the use of Anglican names.
During this transition period, a given individual’s name will appear in
the Gaelic form with the church records, and in the Anglican form with the
secular and emigration records. Surname
spelling variations for the Lindsays of Jura include: McCleisich, McLoindsaich,
McLindsie, McClysie, Linsie, and Lindsay, among others. Pronunciation of the
various spellings would be similar, if not identical. A number of place names at
Jura, were anglicised during the early to mid 1700s.
Surnames and place names listed below are as they appear in the primary
source documents. Lindsay Code No.: L0009 (fifth cousin to L0066, with 4 marker variations out of 43) Surname:
Lindsay Earliest
Known Progenitor:
James Lindsay b. ? d.?, migrated from Ayr,
Scotland to Ireland in 1678, and settled at Derry, Ireland. Emigrant
Ancestor: George Frederic Lindsay of Dublin, Ireland
(1854-1905). Sailed aboard the “Carlisle Castle” from London to Melbourne,
settled at Port Albert, Victoria, and married Mary Elizabeth Linforth in 1886.
Lindsay
Code No.: L0012
(undocumented relationship to L0149, a
perfect match with 43 markers) Surname:
Lindsay Earliest
Known Progenitor:
James Lindsay, b. abt. 1815 in Ireland,
married Elizabeth McGovern, lived at County Tyrone, Ireland, and at Cambusnethan,
Lanarkshire, Scotland. Emigrant
Ancestor: Robert Anthony Lindsay, born about 1852 at
Stonefort, Templecarn, County Fermanagh, Ireland, emigrated in 1871 and settled
in Ludlow, Kenton, Kentucky. Died in
1937 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Lindsay
Code No.: L0023
(first cousin to L0053, with 1 marker variation out of 43; and fifth
cousin to L0089, with 1 marker variation out of 43) Surname:
Lindsay (McLondsich) Earliest
Known Progenitor:
Neill ban McCloisich, b. abt. 1680, married
Christine NcPhetrus, lived at Tyghcorran, Isle of Jura, Scotland. Emigrant Ancestor: John Lindsay (1795-1885), married Mary Black in 1826, lived at Lagg, Isle of Jura, Scotland. Sailed aboard the “Brig Retrench” from Greenoch to New York City in 1838, settled in Cumberland County, North Carolina. Lindsay
Code No.: L0042
(deceased father of L0122) Surname:
Lindsay
(Lindsey) Earliest
Known Progenitor & Emigrant Ancestor:
Christopher
Benjamin Lindsey 1803-1886), born near Belfast Ireland, emigrated and settled in
Huron County, Ontario, Canada, married Margaret Nixon in 1836.
Name spelling as Lindsay occurred with all succeeding generations. Lindsay
Code No.: L0053
(first cousin to L0023, with 1 marker variation out of 43; and fifth
cousin to L0089, a perfect match with 43 markers) Surname:
Lindsay (McLondsich) Earliest
Known Progenitor:
Neill ban McCloisich, b. abt. 1680, married
Christine NcPhetrus, lived at Tyghcorran, Isle of Jura, Scotland. Emigrant
Ancestor:
John
Lindsay (1795-1885), married Mary Black in 1826, lived at Lagg, Isle of Jura,
Scotland. Sailed aboard the “Brig Retrench” from Greenoch to New York City
in 1838, settled in Cumberland County, North Carolina. Lindsay
Code No.: L0064 Surname:
Lindsay
(McCleisich) Earliest
Known Progenitor:
Aobh McCleisich, b. 1677, married Doroty
NcPhetrus of Islay in 1703, lived at Cames (Lagg), Isle of Jura, Scotland. Lindsay
Code No.: L0066
(fourth cousin to L0009, with 4 marker variations out of 43) Surname:
Lindsay
Earliest
Known Progenitor: James b. ?, d. ?, migrated from
Ayr, Scotland to Ireland in 1678, and settled at Derry, Ireland. Lindsay
Code No.: L0089
(fifth cousin to L0023, with 1 marker variation out of 43; and
fifth cousin to L0053, a perfect match with 43 markers.
Surname:
Lindsay
(McLondsich) Earliest Known Progenit or:
Neill ban McCloisich, b. abt. 1680, married
Christine NcPhetrus, lived at Tyghcorran, Isle of Jura, Scotland. Emigrant
Ancestor: James Lindsay (1886-1956), married May
Blair, emigrated to Montreal, Canada abt. 1938. Lindsay
Code No.: L0105
Surname:
Lindsay (McLoindsich) Earliest
Known Progenitor:
John
McLoindsaich, b. abt. 1670, married Mor Shaw, second marriage to Mary Nc Namoile,
lived at Tarbert, Isle of Jura, Scotland. Emigrant
Ancestor: Archibald Lindsay (1842-1922) born at
Greenock, lived at Port Askaig, Isle of Islay, sailed aboard the
“California” from Glasgow, Scotland to Moville, Ireland, arriving at New
York City in 1873, settled in Ohio. Lindsay
Code No.: L0122
(son of L0042; second cousin to L0131, a perfect match with 43 markers;
second cousin to L0124 and L0125, with 1 marker variation out of 43) Surname:
Lindsay
(Lindsey) Earliest
Known Progenitor & Emigrant Ancestor:
Christopher
Benjamin Lindsey 1803-1886), born near Belfast Ireland, emigrated and settled in
Huron County, Ontario, Canada, married Margaret Nixon in 1836.
Name spelling as Lindsay occurred with all succeeding generations. Lindsay
Code No.: L0124
(first cousin to L0125, a perfect match with 43 markers; second cousin to
L022 and L0131, with 1 marker variation out of 43) Surname:
Lindsay
(Lindsey) Earliest
Known Progenitor & Emigrant Ancestor:
Christopher
Benjamin Lindsey 1803-1886), born near Belfast Ireland, emigrated and settled in
Huron County, Ontario, Canada, married Margaret Nixon in 1836.
Name spelling as Lindsay occurred with all succeeding generations. Lindsay
Code No.: L0125
(first cousin to L0124, a perfect
match with 43 markers; second cousin to L022 and L0131, with 1 marker variation
out of 43) Surname:
Lindsay
(Lindsey) Earliest
Known Progenitor & Emigrant Ancestor:
Christopher
Benjamin Lindsey 1803-1886), born near Belfast Ireland, emigrated and settled in
Huron County, Ontario, Canada, married Margaret Nixon in 1836.
Name spelling as Lindsay occurred with all succeeding generations. Lindsay
Code No.: L0131
(second cousin to L0122, a perfect match with 43 markers; second cousin to L024
and L0125, with 1 marker variation out of 43) Surname:
Lindsay
(Lindsey) Earliest
Known Progenitor & Emigrant Ancestor:
Christopher
Benjamin Lindsey 1803-1886), born near Belfast Ireland, emigrated and settled in
Huron County, Ontario, Canada, married Margaret Nixon in 1836.
Name spelling as Lindsay occurred with all succeeding generations. Lindsay
Code No.: L0137 Surname:
Lindsay
(Lindsey) Earliest
Known Progenitor: Christopher
Benjamin Lindsey 1803-1886), born near Belfast Ireland, emigrated and settled in
Huron County, Ontario, Canada, married Margaret Nixon in 1836.
Name spelling as Lindsay occurred with all succeeding generations. Lindsay
Code No.: L0149
(undocumented relationship to L0012, a perfect match with 43 markers) Surname:
Lindsay Earliest
Known Progenitor: John
Lindsay b. abt. 1799 in Ireland, married Mary Crawford, b. abt. 1799, lived at
Naghill, County Monaghan, Ireland, moved to Scotland prior to 1851, lived at
Cambusnethan, Lanarkshire, Scotland. Emigrant
Ancestor: Joseph
Lindsay, b. abt. 1828 at Nigel, Ireland, lived at Cambusnethan, Lanarkshire,
Scotland, emigrated in 1852 to settle in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania. Lindsay
Code No.: L0171
Surname:
Lindsay Earliest
Known Progenitor:
Hugh
Lindsay b. abt. 1847, married Rebecca Keenan, lived at Enniskillan, County
Fermanagh, Ireland. Emigrant Ancestor: John Joseph Lindsay, b. 1888 at Enniskillan, County Fermanagh, Ireland. Sailed aboard the ship “Majestic” from Liverpool, England to New York City in 1907. Settled in North Carolina. ***********************************
DNA
Marker Pattern The following DNA
marker pattern graphic is intended to help DNA Group 7 Lindsay researchers, in
their understanding of the relationships between the various lineages, and to
direct their research to the time periods and locations of the missing links
that will document a shared ancestor. Five
lineages of DNA Group 7 have been extended back to the 1600s at the Isle of Jura,
documented with primary source written records.
A fifth lineage has been traced back to Ireland and on to Ayr, Scotland.
Ayr is located on the west coast of Scotland, approximately 80 miles
south of Jura. Ireland is not more
than 30 miles from Jura or from Ayr. Each of three lineages
of the Lindsays of Jura can be identified by 3 markers unique to that line.
There have been no DNA study participants to date, representing the
fourth line of Jura. The Corranhouse
lineage has been chosen for comparison with the Ayr-Ireland line, as there are
only 3 DNA marker variations between the haplotypes of these two lineages. The
other two Jura lines vary by 6 markers from the Ayr-Ireland lineage.
Two of the three DNA study participants, representing the Corranhouse
lineage, have no marker variations from the haplotype.
Each of the Ayr-Ireland lineages exhibit between 2 to 5 marker mutations
during a 7 generation period of time. These
frequent mutations suggest distinct family branches of the Ayr-Ireland lineage,
as have been depicted by the marker pattern chart. This marker mutation pattern
is being referenced in a search for written records to document the most recent
common ancestors between the various branches of the Ayr-Ireland lineage. Three of the DNA study participants, #0012, #0149 and #0171, are exact DNA matches. The DNA marker pattern chart suggests a shared ancestry during the time period of the early 1700s through the early 1800s. DNA study participant #0009 is a fourth cousin to #0066, and has completed extensive research into the Lindsays of Ayr and Ireland. His research places Samuel Lindsay born about 1725, married to Kitty Montgomery, at Coolbruck near Enniskillen in County Fermanagh. Samuel Lindsay, and his lineage are potentially the missing link connecting the Ayr-Ireland lineages. DNA participant #0171 traces his ancestors back to Hugh Lindsay, born at Enniskkillen in 1847. Research for a most recent common ancestor, between these three study members, is now concentrated on County Fermanagh, Ireland, and Cambusnethan, Scotland. 
Special Group ReportGENEALOGICAL RESEARCH, ANALYSIS & CONCLUSIONS -
LINDSAY
DNA GROUP 7
October 11, 2003 All of the Lindsay DNA Groups, for the most part, have some form of coordinated genealogical research currently underway, but the Group 7 individuals have written an "interim report" documenting significant findings, in their quest to discover the name of one or more of the Most Recent Common Ancestors (MRCA) that possibly exists within this group of individuals. In the process, the Lindsay DNA Group 7 has set an example of how effective a group of Lindsays can be if they pool all their resources and work as a team. This results achieved in this "progress report" is the result of one of the best examples of coordination and cooperation between multiple Lindsay/Lindsey genealogical researchers that I have seen in a very long time. Representing this group of Lindsays, Alan Lindsay Berry assumed a leadership role in initiating, documenting and writing the following "progress report" of the findings of this combined group of Lindsays. Alan Berry and his Group 7 researchers should be commended for the manner in which they have conducted and documented their research. Our thanks again to Alan Lindsay Berry and the Lindsay DNA Group 7 for providing the following interim report and the poem, found at the end of the report, written by an emigrant from the Scottish Isle of Jura. +++++++++++++++++++++++++INTERIM
REPORT OF GENEALOGICAL RESEARCH, ANALYSIS & CONCLUSIONS - LINDSAY
DNA GROUP 7
by Alan Lindsay Berry , representing Lindsay DNA Group 7 October 9, 2003 The Scottish isle of Jura is believed to be the isle of Hinba,
where St. Columba settled briefly before moving on to Iona, his base for
converting the Picts and Celtic inhabitants of Scotland to Christianity during
the 6th century.(2,3,18,20)
The Vikings arrived destroying Iona in 795 AD, and completely conquering
the Hebrides by 850 AD. The Vikings ruled the Southern Islands for over 350
years. The Vikings were followed by the McDonalds, Lords of the Isles, who ruled
until the coming of the Campbells in 1615. Branches of the Campbell family
acquired the Kintyre peninsula in 1607, and purchased nearby Islay in 1615.
Control over Jura was slow in coming. Various attempts by the McDonalds and
their allies, to maintain control of Jura, were met with defeat, with the
Campbells establishing permanent residence on the island in 1665.(2,3,18,20)
Jura, Islay, Colonsay, and the surrounding smaller islands have a
Celtic/Viking hybrid cultural heritage and DNA mix. The islands remain as
always, very isolated from the mainland, with the rulers enjoying considerable
independence from the crown of either Norway, or of Scotland. Due to this
isolation, our research team has discovered that the history of Scotland is not
the same as the history of the southern isles, including Jura. Six branches of the Lindsays of Jura have shared family tree
information, comparing family records with primary source data, including old
parish records. These old parish
records have proven very significant in our study. Additional members of Lindsay
DNA Group 7 have contributed their findings to the research effort, with the
goal of defining the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) for some, if not all of
Lindsay DNA Group 7. This concentrated research effort between family branches
of the Lindsays of Jura and all members of Lindsay DNA Group 7, has involved
lines of the Lindsay family in Scotland, Australia, Canada, Ireland, North
Carolina, and their descendants spread around the globe. Lindsay DNA Group 7 participants #L0023 and #L0053 are known
first cousins and a perfect match with all 26 DNA markers.
The proven Lindsay lineage, of these two DNA participants, will most
likely represent the unmutated DNA of the Lindsay lineage of the Isle of Jura,
Scotland, and therefore the basic haplotype for Lindsay DNA Group 7. A seventh cousin of participants #L0023 and #L0053 has been
located and has registered for the DNA test.
This third member of this proven Lindsay lineage is being tested in order
to better qualify the basic haplotype currently assumed for Lindsay DNA Group 7,
and to possibly provide additional evidence as to the DNA marker mutation rate
for the Lindsays of Jura. The earliest known ancestor for the Lindsays of Jura is Hugh
Lindsay (alias Aodh McCleisich, born in 1677, on the Isle of Jura, and married
to Doroty McPhetras of Islay in 1703.(1,3,4)
Hugh is an Anglicized version of the Old Irish, Aodh. Pronunciation of the two
spellings is almost identical. Hugh’s brothers were Malcome, John, and Neill.
Hugh and Doroty’s children were Christina, Duncan, John, Isobel, Archibald,
and Mary.(1,3,4) Church
records for the period of 1704-1724, include birth records for 10 McCleisich
children listed along with their parent’s names.(1,3,4) In subsequent church records, these same
individuals are listed as Lindsays.(1) Previous publications by noted authorities on Jura have
overlooked the fact that apparently during this period, the McCleisich family
changed their name to Lindsay. Donald Budge believed the Lindsays to be an
ancient Jura family.(4)
The Lindsay name appears, along with the McCleisich name, in the 1764
“Inventory of Debts” included with the Campbell Papers.(5) This is
the last occurrence of the McCleisich surname in any records of Jura. After
analyzing the names listed in parish records of the period of 1811 to 1841,
Peter Youngson notes, “ the vast majority of the Mc’s have disappeared
without a trace.” By this time the Lindsay family is plentiful with 20
baptismal records.(5,3)
Based upon this very strong circumstantial evidence, the
disappearance of the McCleisich family coincides with the rapid appearance of
the Lindsays, because they are one and the same! This name change occurred
during the fifty-year transition in power with the fall of the McDonalds and the
coming of the Campbells, 1615 to 1665.(2,18)
There was much blood shed during this time, with the McDonalds along with
some of their close allies finally leaving the island. Some of the remaining
families found it in their best interests to take an Anglican name. Other names
were modified from the traditional Gaelic versions to simpler Anglican
equivalents, either by the families themselves, or by those keeping the church
records.(3) McCleisich is an obscure name, possibly occurring only on
Jura. The nearest equivalent is McCleish, a family name in Kilfinan, located on
the mainland approximately 30 miles east of Jura. The earliest records of the
families in Kilfinan appear in church records in 1716. It is possible that some
members of the McCleisich family shortened the surname rather than changing it
to the Anglican Lindsay. Lindsay DNA Group 7 researchers and the descendants of
the Lindsays of Jura are investigating the possibility that all of Lindsay DNA
Group 7’s ancestors originated with the McCleisich family of Jura. The Lindsays of Jura operated the ferry transporting cattle
from Lagg on Jura, across to Kiells on the Kintyre Peninsula on the mainland.(3,4)
Family history indicates that the Lindsays were also involved in trade
with Ireland. The Lindsays ferried cattle from nearby Port Askaig on the isle of
Islay to Feolin on Jura, where they were driven overland to Lagg before
transporting them again by ferry to the mainland.(3,4,11)
The first record of Lagg, originally called Camys, or Camus, meaning bay,
was in 1496.(2)
Numerous members of the Lindsay family, involved in transporting the
cattle and later the mail to and from the mainland, lived at Lagg.(11,4)
The ferry was a wide beamed sailboat with the cattle fastened with their
heads tied to rings on the gunwale on each side of the boat. The drovers and
their horses stood in the center. The Jura cattle were a valuable commodity in
trade with Ireland and Scotland, with some cattle sold at market and herded on
to England, even as far as to London.(3,4)
It is not clear whether the ferry from Islay to Jura, and the one from
Jura to the mainland, were the same boat, or two. Although sources indicate the
Lindsays operated the ferry at both locations, it is unlikely that the same boat
would have been used for both the relatively narrow passage and the more open
sea. With their involvement in the cattle trade, the Lindsays had more contact
with Islay, than would have been common at that time. In 1739, Donald Lindsay and his wife Mary McQuarrie emigrated
with their children, Duncan, Richard, Effie, and Christian, aboard the ship
“Thistle,” sailing from Islay to New York.(6) In 1738,
1739, and 1740, an undetermined number of Jura families joined those on Islay
emigrating to New York State, where they were promised land grants.(3,6) Many families left Jura for Greenock, in hope of securing
passage to North Carolina. There was also the attraction of work available in
the port cities, and on ships involved in the rapidly expanding Atlantic trade.
Some who did not obtain passage settled in the area of the Clyde ports,
including Glasgow, Greenock, and Ayr.(3,9,18)
One branch of the Lindsays made their home in Gourock, a village just outside of
Greenock. Ireland was another destination for the Jura emigrants. Many, most
likely unrelated Lindsays of the nearby mainland ports, were mariners. Alexander
Lindsay’s ship’s rutter (pilot book) of 1540 was referenced for navigation
charts for well over 200 years.(19)
Numerous Lindsays of later generations would continue the seafaring tradition.(1,3,7)
Research into which, if any, of these Lindsays are related to the Lindsays of
Jura family is ongoing. There is a strong possibility that mariners of the
McCleisich family, assumed the Lindsay surname, which was a common surname among
mariners of these port cities. The recently merged Lindsay DNA Groups 3,4,5, and 8 are a
close or exact match to the 6 markers representing the Atlantic Modal Haplotype
(AMH) or Modal Haplotype 1.15) a subset of Haplogroup 1 (HG1). This is the
haplotype most commonly found along the Atlantic coast of Europe, including the
Irish, Welsh, Basque, Flemish, and Bretagne peoples.(12,17) This
would be the expected haplotype for the main stream Lindsays of Flemish
ancestry. With only one out of six markers matching AMH indicators, Lindsay DNA
Group 7 participants are clearly not of the AMH haplotype. Based on the DNA
marker analysis, we can also assume that neither are Lindsay DNA Group 7
participants “close” blood relatives of any of the other Lindsay DNA Groups,
as indicated by an average of 16 out of 26 mismatches with the DNA markers.
Investigating the conclusions drawn from other family DNA studies, we find such
results as these are common and to be expected.(13,14,15) Comparison
of Lindsay DNA Group 7 DNA makers with those of a group of the MacGregor family
DNA project revealed striking similarities. The MacGregor Group comprised of
three participants including a MacGregor, a Niven, and a MacAdam, were
determined to not be blood relatives of the other MacGregors, and furthermore to
not be of the anticipated AMH haplogroup. This group of the MacGregor family DNA
study, with its similarities to the Lindsay DNA Group 7, was found to have the
markers indicating Norse (Viking) haplogroup 2 (HG2) DNA.(14) Further analysis of the DNA reveals that Lindsay DNA Group 7
meets the criteria indicative of Haplogroup 2 (HG2), including marker DYS426 =
11.(14,16,17,13)
Compared with the indicators for HG2, there are numerous matches. The
relevant indicators are identical with all members of Lindsay DNA Group 7.
Unlike groups HG1 and HG3, which are from the same branch of the human
chromosome tree, HG2 is made up of several very different branches. In 2002, The
Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC), based at the University of Arizona, developed a
new DNA haplogroup classification system. The main branches are assigned
letters, with HG1 now labeled R1b and HG3 now labeled R1a1. HG2 includes members
of F,G,I, and J branches of the human Y-chromosome tree. Group 7’s DNA is from
the I branch of the tree. Additional analysis will clarify, whether Group 7
should be labeled I, I1, or I1a. Population
studies by University College London, as well as a special case study by James
Wilson, were recently aired on a BBC special entitled, “Blood of the
Vikings.” These studies revealed that 60 to 100% of the male DNA of Norway is
Viking, with 60% of Orkney’s and Shetland’s population having the Norse DNA.
Over 30% of the DNA of the Hebrides indicated Viking ancestry as well.(16)
Governor Gabriel Johnson’s solution to the ”Highland
Problem,” was to encourage settlement in North Carolina. By the time of the
American Revolution in 1776, approximately 50,000 Highland Scots had settled in
the Cape Fear River Valley, including the portion of Bladen County that would
later become Cumberland and Hoke Counties, where the Lindsay emigrants settled.(10)
Emigration from Jura to North Carolina began with the Argyll Colony of
1739, continuing until the mid 19th century. Donald Lindsay of
Lergybreck, on the Isle of Jura, emigrated to Cumberland County with his wife
and three children in 1754.(5) His
cousin Mirian Lindsay, with her husband, Duncan McDuffie, and two of their
children, Archibald and Isobella, emigrated from Jura to Cumberland County in
the early 1740s. In 1838, John Lindsay and his wife, Mary Black, emigrated with
their children from Jura to Cumberland County. John Lindsay was joined by his
brother and his wife’s sister, Archibald Lindsay and Anne Black, who had
married earlier that year.(1,8,21)
Ironically, Cumberland County was named for the leader of the army that
defeated the Jacobites at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. Many of the settlers
of Cumberland County were Jacobites and their sympathizers.
With the fall of the McDonalds, long time Jura residents found themselves
as prisoners on their own land, now under the control of the Campbells.(3) There
are no records to indicate that the Campbell Lairds were any better or worse
than other landowners; however, there were instances of the abuse of their
crofters. A village was leveled in order for Lady Campbell to have a clear view
to the seacoast. Another village was burned when the crofters were incorrectly
suspected of poaching salmon. The islanders paid high rents for land that had
once belonged to their ancestors.(3,4)
The prospect of emigration offered the opportunity of new prospects and
often free land grants. By the twentieth century Jura’s population that had
once been over 1500 had dropped to barely 200 as it remains today. Crofting has
been discouraged, with large game reserves established for deer stalking. Cited Sources of Information: (1)
Jura and Colonsay Parish Records and corroborating research by earlier
generations of Lindsay descendants compiled during the 1920s, 30s, and 40s. (2)
“Islay, Jura, & Colonsay, A historical Guide,” by David Caldwell,
2001 Birlinn Ltd. Edinburgh, Scotland (3)
“Jura, Island of Deer,” by Peter Youngson, 2001 Birlinn Ltd.
Edinburgh (4)
“Jura, An Island in Argyll,” by Donald Budge, 1960 Smith & Son
Ltd, Glasgow (5)
“The Campbell Papers,” at the Scottish Records Office (6)
“A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the USA, by Donald Whyte, 1972
Magna Carta Book Co., Baltimore, Maryland (7)
Cemetery Records for the isle of Jura, Scotland (8)
Cumberland County Estate records, Cumberland County, North Carolina (9)
1881 Census Records of Scotland (10)
“The Scottish Carmichaels of the Carolinas,” by Roderick L.
Carmichael, 1935, Carmichael, Richmond, Virginia (11)
“Memories of the Past,” by Gordon Wright & Norman Tate, Wright,
Jura, Scotland (12)
“Genetic Evidence for Different Male & Female Roles During Cultural
Transitions in the British Isles,” By James Wilson , Deborah Weiss, Martin
Richards, Mark Thomas, Neil Bradman, and David Goldstein. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the USA, PNAS Journal, 24 April, 2001, vol. 981
no. 9, 5078-5083 (13)
“Molecular Biology & Evolution,” Society for Molecular Biology
& Evolution, 19:
1008-1021, published 2002. (14)
MacGregor DNA Project www.clangregor.org/macgregor/dna (15)
“A Genetic Legacy of Homo Sapiens in Extant Europeans – a Y
Chromosome Perspective,” Science Journal, 10 Nov. 2000, 290 (5494): 1155-9.
Dept. of Genetics & Microbiology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. (16) “Blood of the Vikings,” The BBC September 2003 television program (17)
“A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary
Haplogroups,” The Y-Chromosome Consortium at the University of Arizona. (18)
“History of Scotland,” edited by R.A. Houston & W.W.J.Knox, 2001,
The Penguin Press in association with the National Museums of Scotland. (19)
“Behind the Monument,” by William Laing, Spring 1999, The Kist,
Magazine of Natural History & Antiquarian Society of Mid Argyll. (20)
The Columbia Encyclopaedia, Sixth Edition, 2001. (21)
Cemetery Records for Cumberland & Hoke Counties, N.C.
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